Contracting With the Federal Governemnt Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Contracting With the Federal Governemnt - Essay Example There are two negotiation styles competition and cooperation. Cooperative involves forest contracts that are long-term with ongoing relation to the contractor (Frey & Frey, 2001, p. 18). Government contracts in sealed bidding are competitive when the relevant requirements are clearly complete and accurate. An invitation made to bid is the method used in sealed bidding. It includes the condition of purchase, payment, packaging, shipping and delivery all these are to be submitted before the deadlines the designated invitation time for will allow the bids to be available at the purchasing office. The bids are then read to the buyers and recorded. The contract is then awarded to a low bidder who is determined by what the government needs and what the agency has to offer (Frey & Frey, 2001, p. 150). Changes in the contract- The needs of the state change regularly, the contracts, have a clause that authorizes the government to change the terms of the agreement that can steer the contract the way the government wants, but within the borders of the agreement. If the contractor does not agree to these changes or be flexible for them, then, the contract can be terminated (Frey & Frey, 2001, p. 450). The benefits derived from the microfinance are accessible; since banks do not give small size loans with this the individuals are able to get loans to get cards from banks that they can use to finance their

Was MacBeth responsible for his act of violence or was he made to do Essay

Was MacBeth responsible for his act of violence or was he made to do it - Essay Example This being the case, the play should be viewed as attempting to teach a moral as opposed to the futility of individual choice because of fate. In the third scene of the first act, the witches appear to Macbeth and Banquo. They say to him â€Å"All hail Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Glamis!/ All Hail Macbeth, hail to thee, Thane of Cawdor!/All Hail Macbeth; that shalt be king hereafter!† (48-50). They also inform Banquo that he will not be king, but his sons will be kings. This is the event that the other events surrounding the play are a result of. Macbeth is in fact the Thane of Cawdor at the time, but he does not heard about Glamis until the end of the scene. Since this prediction comes true, he assumes that the prediction about his becoming king will also come true. The first thing to consider is that they did not tell him that he had to murder Duncan in order to become king. Their prediction turned out to be true, and Macbeth did not personally have to take any action in order for it to do so. Therefore, there is nowhere inherent in the information that he receives that tells him that he has to murder the king ; he might have become king with no foul play involved. Also, we should consider that Banquo was told that his sons would become kings, and yet he did not take any action to make this happen. The weird sisters merely gave him Macbeth information; they did not tell him what to do or force him into doing anything. In their descriptions of what they were doing before the scene started, they give accounts that imply that they had the sort of power that would be capable of placing spell on Macbeth that would force him to do what they wanted. However, as we see no scenes in which that takes place, we must assume that Macbeth acts upon his own free will. Upon hearing the news about the prediction of the weird sisters and the fact

Silent film Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Silent film - Assignment Example The main idea of silent movies was the moral and social issues of the developing era. These included poverty, women’s suffrage, child labor, contraception, prostitution, immigration, political corruption, prisons, and divorce (Usai and British Film Institute 22). Today, Americans think that silent films are subject of interest for the innocent age. However, they are filled with significant social and political constituents. These were people preoccupied with issues such as political corruption, sources of crime, abandoning sexual norms, and changing women role. Many early films also included themes against authority, making fun of bumbling police officers, dishonest politicians, and meddlesome upper-class reformers (Usai and British Film Institute 22). Gender relations were also a component of early silent film. Before 1905, Kathy Peiss noted that movie screens were full of indecent sexual images, shocking humor, and many glimpses of women undressing or scenes of passionate kissing. The effect of the films on the younger generation was to make them be independent and dissociate themselves from divisions in the

Three chapters READING quiz (( Aboriginal Treaties ) Assignment

Three chapters READING quiz (( Aboriginal Treaties ) - Assignment Example Marriages were mostly used by non-natives to cement social, political and economic links with the natives. Strangers who were perceived beneficial to the aboriginal people were incorporated into the kinship ties via association/adoption. For example, prisoners of war were incorporated into the society rather than being executed as a way of ensuring the communities had higher numbers (Ch. 1, pg. 5). A ceremonial ritual would be carried out for traders or new comers as a welcome gesture. Together with the community leaders, the newcomers would smoke a ceremonial pipe and then enjoy meals. This ceremony would be repeated severally in the future to strengthen the already existing relationship and also to renew it. However, this ceremony was only meant for non-native traders and not for prisoners of war. The latter were given a feast of honor by the families that adopted them after which they became full members of the community. (Ch. 1, pg. 6) Due to their extensive reliance on skills, knowledge and labor and the good treatment that the Europeans enjoyed at the hands of the natives, they easily accepted the terms of their hosts. This was essential for trade as the natives would allow them to operate in their lands. They would also give them permission and access to navigation routes, market for their goods and also protection. (Ch. 1, pg. 10) Gifts were extremely important to aboriginal people since it assured them that their trading partners had not backtracked from their initial relationship. To them it was a sign that there was no enmity between them. Furthermore, gifts could be used to wipe away tears in the event of a misfortune like death of members or business loss. Aboriginals claimed that gifts could ‘clear the throat’ and ‘unstop the ears’- expressions that translate to honesty and loyalty respectively (Ch. 1, pg. 18). The act of gift giving among the natives was practiced

The Disconnect of Fashion Advertising with Young Females Dissertation

The Disconnect of Fashion Advertising with Young Females - Dissertation Example Researchers suggest advertising media may adversely impact women’s body image† – [Online] Available at: www.healthyplace.com [Accessed February 2011] â€Å"For centuries individuals or societies have used clothes and another body adornment as a form of nonverbal communication to indicate occupation, rank, gender, sexual availability, locality, class, and wealth and group affiliation. Fashion is a form of free speech. It not only embraces clothing but also accessories, jewelry, hairstyles, beauty, and body art. What we wear and how and when we wear it, provides others with the shorthand to subtly read the surface of a social situation.† -[Online] Available at www.fashion-ersociology_semiotics.com [Accessed February 2011] With the peer pressure of being socially accepted in different environments, fashion is even more so an issue with the younger generation of females. Research has shown that 70% of women who regularly read fashion magazines consider them t o be an important source of beauty and fitness information. -[Online] Available at www.healthyplace.com [Accessed February 2011] In a study carried out by Peck and Loken in 2004, entitled â€Å"When will larger-sized female models in advertisements are viewed positively?† It was stated that a quarter of those that were analyzed, were women that reported they did have a strong interest in imitating fashion models, hence there seems to be a disconnect between the images used by fashion advertisers and the impact on female consumers. As consumers, we are always being bombarded with fashion in many different ways. The newest look or the trendiest color is constantly in our faces by many different methods- if it is not by billboard it is by magazine, television and even on the foods that we eat, Influences even come from music that we listen to with music videos. Fashion is everywhere and it is something we can’t get away from. â€Å"Fashion style is important. Your clot hes make your fashion statement, and how you're perceived. Stand straight and carry yourself with grace. You will radiate self-confidence.† -[Online] Available at www.zinearticles.com [Accessed March 2011] However, the way in which advertisers of fashion clothing portray young females in their advertising, does not necessarily seem to correspond with the way that young females want to be viewed. Rational/Usefulness of the project The aim of this dissertation is to analyze and determine whether fashion advertising uses relevant imagery to have an impact on young females today.  Thus the research will try and provide advertisers of fashion clothing with a deeper insight and helpful observations into understanding their audience, their young female customers. Overview of the role of female imagery in fashion advertising †¦ Research Objectives The main aim of the project is to try and prove whether there is or there is not a disconnect between how advertisers advertise fash ion to females. The focus will be on an audience of 18-25-year-old female students at London South Bank University that are fashion conscious.

Dream world Essay Example for Free

Dream world Essay A long time ago I had read a story, a story of a man and his goal to create a new world with peace. The perfection that those inked lines held were amazing, one is still in my head rings like a note of the piano-â€Å"I will create, a new world with you in it.† Reading his life story, I understood what he meant, that innocent line can bring tears into my eyes. There is a deep meaning to it. My body was shivering, I was scared. What happened? I opened my eyes slowly, with a shocked expression plastered on my round face, ocean blue eyes wide and teary, thick black eyelashes and added black eyeliner making them stand out. I had to lift up my hard, hair sprayed black fringe up since I was struggling to see. I stood there mesmerised by the sight in front of me. It was peaceful, calm; it was nature before human kind, soft light, green grass almost touching my bare ankles, it was slightly wet and cold but comforting, thin streaks tickling my bare feet as I moved around slowly. Small Daisies blooming standing out of the greenery with they’re fragile white bodies. My breath was taken away instantly when I landed my eyes on a beautiful lake; its clear water being disturbed by a tiny wind and my touch, its warm soft substance wetting my palm lightly, the sparks that hovered above the lake illuminating it; in the centre of a lake a reflection of the moon but not just any moon†¦ the red moon. A round the edges the lake reflected like a mirror- cherry blossom trees at the full bloom and the perfect sweet sense that surrounded the atmosphere its silky pink leafs scattering around the place like a soft pink blanket, the trees’ hard textured bark covering soft wood that is inside. The Cherry trees surrounding the lake like hiding it in protective manner which made me wonder in an awe. Just a few steps away from the stunning lake there was a hill, hard grey rocks surrounding it, the once soft light green grass fading away as you go further up, every step I took the grass becoming rougher and darker until no more was left†¦ only hard stoned ending. Standing on the end I could see everything that I had not seen yet so far, I felt so free, so careless, it was supernatural in a way, as far as my sight could pick up from the magical lake and the porcelain cherry blossom trees to dark never ending woods. It was night, above me stars that sparkled like little children’s eyes for first time in the candy shop. The world was asleep; it was finally at peace†¦ His world now seems just a dream but at that time, that time of shinobi it was different, it was achievable. He lived his life trying, making it possible but unfortunately his time had come, to leave everything behind in those words. Right now I hope he is in that world resting in peace. Sometimes when I think about it hard enough, I could smell the cherry blossom trees, I could feel the warm wind brushing my skin. If I believe hard enough! I could find myself starring into the dark horizon, the red moon hovering above me and the pastel pink leafs in-between my fingers just going over the soft texture. If I know it, I will be free at last.

A Study Of Indian Space Technology Environmental Sciences Essay

A Study Of Indian Space Technology Environmental Sciences Essay India has an impressive array of achievements in the development of space technology for various applications. From a humble beginning with a small RH 75 rocket in the sixties to the successful launch of PSLV-D2 with 804 kg IRS-P2 in October, 1994, the Indian space programme has made remarkable progress through a well integrated, self-reliant programme. Eight Indian satellites are now in various stages of operation in the space. These are INSAT-1D, INSAT-2A, INSAT-2B, INSAT-2C, SROSS-C2, IRS-1B, IRS-P2 and IRS-1C. IRS-P3 when launched during 1996 will be the ninth satellite in the series. 1995 was an eventful year for the Department of Space. INSAT-2C was successfully launched on December 7, 1995. It has got Ku-band and more powerful transponders to provide mobile satellite services and business communication. The launch of IRS-1C from Russia on December 28 was also successful. It has many advanced features providing better spatial resolution, additional special bands, stereoscopic imaging, wide field coverage and more frequent revisit capabilities. Indias position in world space programmes has gone up after the establishment of United Nations Asia Pacific Regional Centre for Space Education in India. The Indian National Committee for Space Research (INCOSPAR) was formed by the Department of Atomic Energy in 1962 . The same year the work on establishing Thumba Equatorial Rocket Launching Station (TERLS) was started. While the year 1965 saw the establishment of Space Science And Technology Centre, Thumba, the Satellite Telecommunication Centre was set up at Ahmedabad in 1967 . The first sounding rocket was launched from TERLS on November 21, 1963. The TERLS was dedicated to the United Nations on February 2, 1968 . The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) was formed under Department Of Atomic Energy on August 15, 1969. The Government of India set up the Space Commission and the Department of Space (DOS) in 1972. In the seventies Indian Space Programme was formally organised in a self-reliant manner. Now the scope of space programme ranges from development of Space Launch Systems, sophisticated satellites, their operation in the orbit, to the conducting of extensive application-oriented research and execution of different missions. The Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) plays a key role in the planning and execution of National Space activities. MAJOR ACHIEVEMENTS The Indian space programme, having the objective of providing space-based services to the nation in a self-reliant manner, crossed an important milestone when the 283 tonne, 44 metre tall, Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-D2), launched on October 15, 1994, successfully accomplished its mission by placing the 804 kg Indian remote sensing satellite, IRS-P2, in the intended polar sun-synchronous orbit. India has, thus, joined the exclusive group of just six nations in the world to achieve this multi-disciplinary, technologically complex feat. Even as PSLV-D2 unequivocally demonstrated Indias capability to launch indigenously built remote sensing satellites from within the country, the mission has also proved, in flight, a number of systems which will be employed in the Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle (GSLV), thus, bringing the country closer to achieve the capability for launching INSAT class of communication satellites as well. During 1995 the INSAT-2C and IRS-1C have been launched successfully and commissioned in orbit . The next development flight of the vehicle PSLV-D3 is scheduled in 1996. The fourth developmental flight of the Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV-D4) successfully achieved its mission on May 4, 1994 by placing the 113 kg SROSS-C2 scientific satellite in a near-earth orbit. With this success, all the objectives of ASLV project, including proving, in flight, a number of complex vehicle systems employed for PSLV and GSLV, have been fully realised. Considerable progress has also been made in the development of GSLV with a number of advanced technologies having been qualified and fabrication of most of the vehicle hardware initiated. The successful development and qualification of the silicon phenolic throat for the GSLV liquid propellant engine is another significant achievement. The L-40 liquid propulsion stage of GSLV is now getting ready for qualification . SCOPE OF SPACE PROGRAMMES Space programme continues to support space science research in the country. The National Mesosphere Stratosphere Troposphere Radar Facility (NMRF) near Tirupati, has been fully operationalised with the commissioning of the remaining part of the antenna array and associated transmitters for measurements in the Mesospheric region. It is a versatile facility for the atmospheric scientists. Sounding rockets and balloon flights continue to be undertaken for several space science experiments. The detection of a few Gamma-ray bursts by SROSS-C satellite has given further fillip to such experiments. Space Science research encompasses a wide spectrum of activities including study of cosmic rays, astronomical investigation using space and ground-based systems, study of meteorites and lunar samples and physical observations of sun. Another major branch of activity relates to the study of earths atmospheric system through rockets, balloons and orbiting space systems. REMOTE SENSING APPLICATIONS The remote sensing applications using IRS have proliferated into almost every facet of national development. The data is now used regularly for agricultural crop acreage and yield estimation, drought monitoring and assessment, flood mapping, land use and land cover mapping, wasteland management, water resources management, ocean/marine resources survey and management, mineral prospecting, forest resources survey and management, etc. We have surpassed many developed nations in putting into use the satellite based remote sensing data. For example, IRS data is used for pre-harvest acreage and production estimation of all major Indian crops like wheat, rice and sorghum. Estimates of production of cotton, oil seeds, mulberry, etc. are also made using satellite data. The data from IRS satellites is used for soil mapping, grassland mapping, forest survey, land use/land cover mapping, locating underground water resources, estimation of snow cover and snow melt/run-off, monitoring water level in reservoirs, environment monitoring, etc. The data has been extensively used for flood mapping and identifying flood-risk zones and for forecasting drought conditions. Satellite remote sensing is now used for identifying potential fish zones helping the fishermen in the coastal areas to increase the catch. Twenty two states have established remote sensing applications centres, which are carrying out several application projects of relevance to their regions, besides participating in national level projects. The Department of Space is helping state remote sensing centres through review of progress , conducting regional workshops, providing funds on case- by- case basis and providing research and development support. Indian Remote Sensing (IRS) Satellite The launch of the first operational Indian Remote Sensing satellite, IRS-1A on March 17, 1988, on board a Soviet Vostok rocket, ushered in a new era in the countrys resources survey and management system. The second satellite in the series, IRS-1B, identical to IRS-1A, was launched on August 29, 1991. IRS-1A and IRS-1B have become the mainstay of the National Natural Resources Management System (NNRMS) for effectively managing the countrys natural resources. IRS-P2, launched by Indias PSLV on October 15,1994 has joined IRS-1A and IRS-1B in enhancing the remote sensing services. IRS-1C has also been successfully launched on December 28, 1995 on board a Molniya rocket of Russia. Satellite images have been used to study the earthquake in Maharashtra during September 1993, Satellite data shows three major lineaments intersecting just south of the Latur-Killari village and this trijunction of lineaments appear to coincide with the epicentre of the earthquake. Based on the nature and extent of damage to various structures as observed in the field and the information provided by the District Collectors, the isoseismal intensity contours have been drawn. Application of IRS Satellites In Agriculture What do the Satellite people know about agriculture? Officials in Agriculture Departments used to ask. Recently the Karnataka State Remote Sensing Technology Utilisation Centre (KSRSTUC) has given a befitting reply. It has wrapped up a satellite data-based study of Kolar Districts Gudibanda Taluka and prepared an action plan to turn the rocky, rain-starved and drought-prone environs into an agricultural oasis. It is a tiny example of the unique Integrated Mission for Sustainable Development (IMSD) which has been launched in 157 districts of our country. Now farmers of India have growing interest in harvesting the miracles of the IRS series of Remote Sensing Satellites. IMSD aims at generating locale-specific prescriptions for development at micro-level using integrated analysis of the thematic maps generated using data from IRS Satellite, meteorological data and socio-economic information. Several States like Karnataka have set up their own Remote Sensing Application Centres. Efforts are being made to introduce courses on remote sensing in school and university curricula. INSAT Revolutionises Telecommunication And Media Indian National Satellite System (INSAT) besides revolutionising the telecommunication and TV broadcast scenario in our country, has improved the weather forecasting and is providing advance warning on disasters. About 150 telecommunication terminals are today operating under the INSAT network providing more than 4,000 two-way telephone channels along about 170 routes. Telegraphy services have been provided in the north-eastern region covering most of the inaccessible rural areas. The National Informatics Centre has set up over 600 micro-terminals. Many business houses now use the INSAT system for their corporate communication. The two indigenously built multipurpose satellites, INSAT-2A launched in July 1992 and INSAT-2B launched in July 1993, as well as, INSAT-1D, the last of the INSAT-1 series of satellites launched in 1990, continue to perform well in orbit providing vital services for telecommunications, television broadcasting, meteorology, disaster warning and distress detection. The successful launch of INSAT 2C on December 7, 1995 from Kourou, French Guyana and its commissioning in the orbit has added to INSAT series. It will provide mobile satellite services and business communication through newly introduced Ku-band transponders. More powerful C-band transponders for television programme will reach beyond the Indian boundaries. The work on the follow-on satellites in this series 2D and 2E has progressed further and are slated for launch in 1996-97 and 1997-98 respectively. These satellites will have additional spectral channel and improved coverage for meteorological payload. INSAT has brought about a rapid expansion of the TV network in our country covering over 65 per cent of the land mass and over 80 per cent of our population. National TV network, regional services and metro channels have already become operational. The INSAT network is extensively being used for educational purposes such as countrywide classrooms conducted by the University Grants Commission for two hours every day primarily meant for the university and college students, educational television programmes broadcast in the local languages for the benefit of the rural population and curriculum-based lectures broadcast by the Indira Gandhi National Open University. It is also used in continuing education for industrial workers, training of bank employees, training of block and village level extension agricultural workers and farmers, etc. INSAT is helping us in improving weather forecasts by providing high resolution radio-metric imageries. More than a hundred unattended meteorological data collection platforms relay weather information through INSAT to a central meteorological data processing centre. INSAT is also providing disaster warning receivers installed along the cyclone-prone east coast of the country. These disaster warning systems have enabled evacuation of thousands of people well in advance of impending cyclones. OTHER SATELLITES Aryabhatta Aryabhatta, the first Indian satellite, was launched on April 19, 1975, by the erstwhile USSR Intercosmos rocket into a near -earth orbit. Bhaskara Bhaskara-III , launched on June 7, 1979 and November 20, 1981, respectively, by the Intercosmos rockets of the erstwhile USSR, were experimental earth observation satellites. APPLE APPLE (Ariane Passenger Payload Experiment), an experimental communication satellite, was launched on June 19, 1981 by the Ariane launch vehicle of the European Space Agency (ESA). Rohini Series Two Stretched Rohini Series satellites, SROSS C and SROSS-C2, were launched successfully by Indias Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV) on its third and fourth developmental missions (ASLV-D3 and ASLV-D4) on May 20, 1992, and May 4, 1994, respectively. Both the satellites carried identical scientific payloads, namely, Retarding Potential Analyser and Gamma Ray Burst experiment. SITE Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE), hailed as one of the largest experiments of its kind, was conducted during 1975-76 using USAs Application Technology Satellite (ATS-6). It demonstrated the potential of satellite technology as an effective mass communication media. STEP Satellite Telecommunication Experiment Project (STEP), conducted during 1977-79 using the Franco-German satellite. Symphonie, provided experience in the operation of a geo-stationary satellite system for domestic telecommunication and in designing and building ground infrastructure. LAUNCH VEHICLES SLV Indias capability in the launch vehicle technology was first demonstrated through the successful launch of SLV-3 in July 1980, which placed a 40 kg Rohini satellite into a near-earth orbit. Two more launches of SLV-3 were conducted in May 1981 and April 1983 with the Rohini satellites. ASLV The Augmented Satellite Launch Vehicle (ASLV) was successfully launched twice from Sriharikota Range (SHAR) on May 20, 1992 and May 4, 1994, respectively. These were the third and fourth developmental launches (ASLV-D3 and ASLV-D4). They injected the SROSS-C and SROSS-C2 (Stretched Rohini Satellite Series) satellite, respectively into a near-earth orbit. PSLV D 2- A Total Success The 280 tonne, 44 m tall, Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle, PSLV, is capable of putting 1,000 kg class remote sensing satellite into 900 km polar sun-synchronous orbit. The first developmental flight of PSLV took place on September 20, 1993. Though it could not place the IRS-1E satellite, on board, into the intended polar orbit, the flight proved, in flight, almost all the vehicle systems, including the propulsion systems. The second launch of PSLV-D2 on October 15,1994 was a total success. Cryogenic Project The Government has approved the indigenous Cryogenic Upper State Project during April, 1994 following the renegotiation of the Cryogenic technology contract with Russia. GSLV With the operationalisation of GSLV towards the end of the century, ISRO will achieve self-reliance in launch vehicle technology for launching all its scientific remote sensing and geo-stationary satellites. PSLVD-3 PSLV D-3 will be launched during 1996. After this 3 PSLV continuation flights have been planned at the rate of one flight a year. SPACE PROGRAMME ENTERS WORLD MARKET There has been a significant progress in the commercial exploitation of the space capabilities developed by the country. The Antrix Corporation Ltd. established in September 1992, has shown promising results by securing orders for the study of satellite communication system for INMARSAT, providing training to ARABSAT and Korean engineers and for the supply of space hardware for Brazilian space agency. Space based remote sensing technology has drawn the attention of world market. US company EOSAT Co. has entered into a commercial contact with Antrix Corporation of the Space Department to receive and market data from IRS Satellites. Several other contracts have been bagged for supply of space hardware and services. Cooperative agreements have been signed with the Ukrainian National Space Agency and the Russian Space Agency. A high-level United Nations experts team has selected India for the setting up of a UN Centre for Space Science and Technology Education which will cater to the needs of the region.